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农业科研副产品处置的困境及对策探讨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
朱琳 《农业科研经济管理》2018,(1):13-15
文章阐述了农业科研单位对科研副产品管理的现状及面临的问题,分析了农业科研副产品投入与产出的关系,并提出了以绩效考评为依据的科研副产品处置收入分配方式,从而达到优化科研人员收入分配机制的目的。 相似文献
54.
Verticillium dahliae is a soil-borne and vascular pathogen causing Verticillium wilt of cotton, which is one of the most severe diseases affecting cotton production in China. Recently, a soil-inhabiting opportunistic pathogen was isolated and identified as Scopulariopsis gossypii; it could infect the host through wounds and increase disease severity in combination with V. dahliae. S. gossypii was able to form conidia in a nutritionally poor substrate and had similar biological characteristics to other vascular pathogens, while ultrastructure observation also confirmed that it was present in vascular tissue of cotton plants and produced conidia. Nematode activity in soil could cause wounds on the surface of cotton roots resulting in infection by the pathogens. On the basis of our analysis of the biological characteristics and infection process of S. gossypii and its interactions with other pathogens in cotton plants, we propose establishing a research program for multipathogen-host interactions in the cotton rhizosphere, which will enable detailed investigation of the synergistic pathogenesis of S. gossypii and V. dahliae. 相似文献
55.
Pengfang Zhu Zhendong Tian Zhichao Pan Xin Feng 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2018,93(5):466-473
Anthocyanins are responsible for the colour of many fruits, vegetables, flowers, and coloured-leaved trees. Ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC) is widely cultivated for its colourful inner leaves. To investigate the relationship between the degree of colouration and anthocyanin distribution, content, and composition in ornamental kale, the authors studied the pigment characteristics of five cultivars with different coloured leaves (white, pink, red, purple, and purple-black). Microscopy observation, spectrophotometer, and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis of fresh inner leaves revealed that pink, red, and purple colourations were associated with high levels of anthocyanin, while purple-black was the result of the combination of anthocyanins and chlorophyll. In the coloured cultivars, anthocyanins were abundant mainly in the first and second cell layers below the epidermis in both the hypocotyls and inner leaves. No anthocyanin was found in the white-leaved phenotype cultivar. Anthocyanin content increased as leaf colour deepened from pink, red, to purple cultivars, which had little chlorophyll and carotenoid. The authors identified eight anthocyanins in the four coloured cultivars, including one non-acylated, four monoacylated, and three diacylated cyanidin glycosides. Cyanidin-3-(sinapoyl)(feruloyl)-diglucoside-5-glucoside was the most abundant anthocyanin in the four coloured cultivars followed by cyanidin-3-(sinapoyl)-diglucoside-5-glucoside. The analysis of anthocyanin accumulation characterisation provides important information on evaluating colouration patterns in coloured plants, and will be helpful for breeding desired leaf colours in ornamental kale. 相似文献
56.
棉花叶枝数与种植密度对单株结铃数的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为了探明棉花叶枝数和密度对单株结铃的影响规律,试验设置5种留叶枝方式:不留叶枝(CK)、留1叶枝、留2叶枝、留3叶枝、留全部叶枝;5个种植密度(万株·hm-2):2.25,3.00,3.75,4.50,5.25。研究结果表明:在同一密度条件下,随叶枝的增多,单株铃数增加;留1叶枝单株铃数较对照增加10%左右,留2、3叶枝单株铃数较对照增加15%左右,保留全部叶枝较对照增加25%左右。在同一叶枝处理下,随密度的增加,单株铃数减少;密度每增加7500株·hm-2,5种留叶枝方式的单株结铃分别减少2.60个、3.04个、3.06个、3.44个和3.71个。总铃数随叶枝和密度的增加而增加,当总成铃为88.24万个·hm-2时产量最高。 相似文献
57.
A new fiber-reactive chitosan derivative was synthesized in two steps from a chitosan of low molecular weight. First, a water-soluble chitosan derivative, N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl] chitosan chloride (short for HTCC), was prepared by reacting chitosan with 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride. Second, HTCC was further modified by reacting with N-(hydroxymethyl)-acrylamide to prepare a fiber-reactive chitosan derivative, O-methyl acrylamide quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan (short for NMA-HTCC), which can form covalent bonds with silk fiber under alkaline conditions. The chemical structure of NMA-HTCC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The substitution degree of HTCC and the double-bond content of NMA-HTCC were tested. Then NMA-HTCC was used for antibacterial finishing of Bombyx Mori silk fabric. The results showed that silk fabric treated with NMA-HTCC had a significantly improved antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and the antibacterial activity of silk fabric finished by NMA-HTCC was much better than that finished by chitosan and HTCC. Bombyx Mori silk fabric modified with NMA-HTCC demonstrated excellent durable antibacterial activity, even after 50 repeated launderings, the bacterial reduction rate of silk fabric maintained over 95 %. 相似文献
58.
Effect of nitrogen root zone fertilization on rice yield,uptake and utilization of macronutrient in lower reaches of Yangtze River,China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xiaowei Liu Huoyan Wang Jianmin Zhou Zhaoming Chen Dianjun Lu Dejin Zhu Pingliang Deng 《Paddy and Water Environment》2017,15(3):625-638
Improper application of nitrogen (N) has led to high N losses and low N use efficiency in the lower reaches of Yangtze River in China. An effective method to solve such problems is the deep fertilized N in root zone (RZF). Limited information is available on the effect of RZF on the uptake of macronutrients (N, P and K) and rice yield. Field experiments, conducted from 2014 to 2015, compared the farmer fertilizer practice (FFP, with 225 kg ha?1 of N, split into three doses) and RZF using the same rate but placing N 5 cm away from rice roots in holes 10 cm deep (RZF10) or 5 cm deep (RZF5) as a single application. The highest mean yield (10.0 t ha?1) was obtained in RZF10, which was 19.5% more than that in FFP. Root zone fertilization of urea (whether 10 cm deep or 5 cm deep) resulted in greater accumulation of N, P and K in stem, leaf sheaths, leaf blades and grains compared to that in FFP in sandy and in loam soils. The uptake of N, P and K was the highest in RZF10 (average at 176.7, 66.2 and 179.1 kg ha?1, respectively), higher than that in FFP by 45.0, 17.0 and 22.6%, respectively. N apparent recovery efficiency was markedly higher in RZF10 (53.1%) than in FFP (27.5%). RZF10 significantly increased the N, P, K uptake compared with FFP under different N rates in both sandy and loam soils. These results suggest that the N, P and K input amount should be re-determined under RZF. 相似文献
59.
A 7‐week growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary soybean meal (SBM) on digestive enzyme activity of intestinal mucosa, mRNA levels of digestive enzymes in hepatopancreas, and the mid‐intestinal and hepatopancreas histology of gibel carp CAS III (Carassius auratus gibelio). Four different growth phases of gibel carp (initial body weight: fry, 0.8 g; juvenile, 5.0 g; 1‐year‐old, 62.7 g; and broodstock, 135.6 g) were tested. Seven isonitrogenous and iso‐energetic diets were formulated to contain different SBM replacement levels (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of dietary fish meal protein), and another diet (SBMAA) contained all SBM protein and supplied crystalline amino acids. The results showed that the activities of mid‐intestine trypsin, α‐amylase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase reduced with increased dietary SBM, while the chymotrypsin activity increased first and then decreased. The ultrastructures of intestinal epithelial cells and hepatopancreas cells in fry and broodstock fish were distinctly affected by 200 g kg‐1 dietary SBM. Supplementation of dietary amino acid to the highest replacement groups was not sufficient to improve digestive and absorptive capacities and growth performance. Gibel carp may be adapted to dietary SBM through increase in gene expression of hepatopancreas digestive enzymes and has potential to utilize proceeded SBM as feedstuffs. 相似文献
60.
Ting Zou Qiao Xiao Wenjie Li Tao Luo Guoqiang Yuan Zhiyuan He Mingxing Liu Qiao Li Peizhou Xu Jun Zhu Yueyang Liang Qiming Deng Shiquan Wang Aiping Zheng Lingxia Wang Ping Li Shuangcheng Li 《Rice》2017,10(1):53